Applications of Electrochemical and Optical Biosensing Techniques Based on Nanomaterials for Detection of SARS-COV-2 Specific Antibodies: An Update Review

Document Type : Review

Authors

1 Al-maarif University College, Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-anbar-Ramadi, Iraq

2 Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia

3 College of Business Administration, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

4 Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

5 Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky pr., Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation

6 Banking university HCMC Ho Chi Minh city Vietnam- International University of Japan, Niigata, Japan

7 Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of ENT Diseases, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Makhtumkuli Street 103, Tashkent, 100147, Uzbekistan

8 Department of Anesthesia techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Iraq

9 National Economics University (NEU), Hanoi Vietnam

10 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul-41001, Iraq

11 Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia

12 Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

Abstract

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) caused the burden of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) and spread all of the world. Evaluation of antibodies is the most typical diagnostic method is utilized to detect SARS-COV-2. Quick and high-specific diagnosis of specific antibodies can be the best way to evaluate the vaccine efficiency and decrease the number of the disease. In this study, before discussing the types of biosensors designed for the specific detection of SARS CoV-2 virus in these few years, we have summarized the serological methods in antibody detection and pointed out some of its advantages and disadvantages. In recent decade, biosensors have appeared to complement ELISA and PCR for pathogen detection. In two years ago, Electrochemical, colorimetric and fluorescence biosensors based on various nanomaterials are developed for SARS-COV-2 specific Abs detection with high specificity and sensitivity. This article specifically deals with the detection of specific antibodies of Covid-19 by biosensor methods and it is an update of similar articles. Considering that one of our goals was to investigate new biosensor methods for diagnosis, we tried to select studies related to Covid-19 specific Abs mostly between 2019 and 2021.

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