Document Type : Review
Authors
1
Nanobiosensors Lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439817435, Iran
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq
3
Ahlulbait University, College of Medical and Health Technologies, Karbala, Iraq
4
Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medicinal Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Wearable Potentiometric Ion Sensors (WPISs) have emerged as a highly promising analytical tool that amalgamates advancements in chemistry, materials science, and electronics to provide essential physiological insights during various human activities. The remarkable capability of seamlessly integrating these analytical devices into everyday wearables, such as sweatbands, patches, and garments, without causing any discomfort to the wearer, has transformed WPISs into indispensable tools for both monitoring health parameters and enhancing athletic performance. Recent research has demonstrated a significant role for WPISs in tracking critical biomarkers, including sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, and chloride, which are present in relatively high concentrations in sweat. The utilization of these innovative devices empowers us to continuously monitor patients' well-being and optimize athletes' performance. In this comprehensive review, we delve into a plethora of studies concerning wearable sensors designed for sodium detection and explore the latest materials utilized in the development of sodium-sensing wearables.
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