Eco-Friendly Green Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide as An Electrocatalytic Platform for The Simultaneous Detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II)

Nguyen, Thu Hương; Pham, Tieu My; Do, Minh Huy

doi:10.22034/abec.2025.725947

Eco-Friendly Green Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide as An Electrocatalytic Platform for The Simultaneous Detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Thu Hương Nguyen ¹^{, 2}

Tieu My Pham ¹^{, 2}

Minh Huy Do ¹^{, 2}

¹ Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Vietnam

² Vietnam national university, Ho Chi Minh city, Linh Trung ward, Thu Duc city, Ho Chi Minh city, 70000, Vietnam

10.22034/abec.2025.725947

Abstract

A sensitive and reliable technique for monitoring lead and cadmium using a reduced graphene oxide-modified glassy carbon electrode (rGO/GCE) and a wireless potentiostat has been developed. In this study, rGO was synthesized employing green tea extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The initial glassy carbon electrode was electrochemically activated in a 0.5 mol L-1 nitric acid solution and then coated with rGO by the drop-casting method, which increased the effective surface area and enhanced sensitivity. The rGO-modified glassy carbon electrode was employed to quantify Cd(II) and Pb(II) in an acetate buffer at pH 5 using differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimal conditions, the peak currents of Cd(II) and Pb(II) exhibited good linear relationships with their concentrations in the ranges of 2.4 to 12.5 µmol L⁻¹ for Cd(II) and 1.5 to 6.8 µmol L⁻¹ for Pb(II), with detection limits of 1.1 µmol L⁻¹ and 0.88 µmol L⁻¹, respectively. The rGO/GCE was applied to analyze metal ions in simulated battery samples, demonstrating reliability and accuracy comparable to atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Keywords

Cadmium

Lead

Reduced graphene oxide

Green tea

Green synthesis

Subjects