Document Type : Review
Authors
1
Department of Microbiology, Wasit University, College of Medicine, Iraq
2
Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Wasit University, College of Medicine, Iraq
3
Biology Department, Wasit University, Science Collage, Iraq
4
Department of Pediatric, Wasit University, College of Medicine, Iraq
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD), a chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals, continues to pose diagnostic and management challenges worldwide due to its diverse clinical presentations and often subtle symptomatology. Although public awareness of CD has increased alongside the expanding gluten-free food market, significant knowledge gaps persist regarding the disease's underlying immunopathology, comorbidities, and lifelong dietary implications. As accurate and timely diagnosis remains critical to prevent long-term complications, conventional serological assays and biopsies, while effective, are limited by invasiveness, resource dependency, and processing delays. In response, electrochemical biosensing platforms—leveraging nanotechnology, aptamer design, and microfluidic integration—have emerged as promising alternatives, enabling rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective detection of key gluten-related biomarkers such as anti-tTG and deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies. These innovations harness the advantages of nanostructured materials, label-free detection, and real-time signal acquisition to offer portable, minimally invasive solutions for clinical and food safety applications. Despite the complexity of transitioning from laboratory prototypes to commercially viable diagnostic tools, interdisciplinary advancements in sensor engineering, material science, and data analytics continue to refine the specificity, stability, and usability of these platforms. This review synthesizes current findings on public perception of CD, highlights diagnostic challenges, and explores the transformative potential of electrochemical and nanomaterial-enabled biosensors in achieving early detection, personalized monitoring, and improved quality of life for individuals affected by gluten-related disorders.
Keywords
Subjects
